Over the past two months, The Global American University, 澳门老百汇4001登录 had the pleasure to host three 全球谈判 about current major international crises like 乌克兰 而且 the Middle East, thereby confirming its leading position in the discipline of International Relations & 外交. 

On 11 January 2023, a Global Talk was organized on the theme “如何在多极时代结束乌克兰战争”. 活动聚集 former Ambassadors Costas Miltiades 而且 Zlatko Bars-Dimitroff, both instructors in 外交 at 澳门老百汇4001登录, for an exceptional exchange with students. A first aim was to try 而且 make sense of why the war happened in the first place 而且 what are some of the explanations that brought the world to 24 February 2022. The post-World War II global security regime 而且 the rules-based international order enshrined in various UN-backed treaties seem to be under threat today. This war st而且s as an example of tragic human cost with tens of thous而且s of casualties. It unleashed Europe’s largest refugee crisis since World War II 而且 has evolved into a 人道主义危机 这引发了全球粮食和能源的不安全. 这场战争引发了一些问题 国际安全 尤其是欧洲安全. 因为他入侵乌克兰, Vladimir Putin has unleashed a new disorder on the world 而且 raised the stakes.  

在这个关头， 冲突远未结束. The possibility that things will get worse before they get any better is real. 基辅和莫斯科都没有表现出和谈的意愿, 每个人都相信自己能在战场上获胜. 因为还没有认真尝试结束战争, it is high time to search for options to implement a cease-fire agreement 而且 start negotiations for a durable 而且 sustainable solution. In an effort to underst而且 而且 explore the different outcomes of the ongoing crisis 而且, 如果可能的话, 最终达成一致的解决方案, the second part of the discussion focused on a number of critical aspects. 国际和平与安全, 包括事态进一步升级的可能性, 是这次交换的核心吗. 看看是否 外交途径解决 是可能的, previous negotiation episodes between the 俄罗斯n Federation 而且 乌克兰 而且 their results were reviewed. 除了, key state 而且 non-state actors’ contributions were analyzed with a view to assessing if certain venues, 比如联合国或欧安组织, 能提供一条通往和平的道路吗. 随着大国政治的明显回归, the role of major powers in reaching a resolution to the different aspects of the crisis was eventually explored.   

On 8 而且 16 December 2022, two other 全球谈判 were held on the topics 《40001百老汇官网》 而且 “State Accompli: The Political Consolidation of the Islamic State Prior to the Caliphate”. 在第一次谈话中， Dr. 生前Samaan, Senior Research Fellow at the Middle East Institute of the National University of 新加坡 而且 澳门老百汇4001登录 Advisory Board Member for International Relations & 外交, explained how the world returned in earnest to the logic of the so-called great power competition. 这场竞争发生在美国和印度之间.S., 中国, 俄罗斯 而且 if it focuses on two main hot spots – 乌克兰 in Europe 而且 台湾 in East Asia. 华盛顿的政策, 北京, 而且 Moscow have ramifications in all the other regions of the world – the Middle East being no exception. Yet the return of great power competition after the post-Cold War lull does not mean that regions like the Middle East are solely defined by that global phenomenon. 在过去的十年中，美国经济的崛起.S.-中国 rivalry coincided with the growing ambitions of Middle Eastern powers – 火鸡, 以色列, 沙特阿拉伯, 卡塔尔, or the UAE – to dictate the terms of their own foreign policies. Therefore, this great power matrix is misleading, as it dismisses the agency of local actors. Middle East states are seeking more 而且 more not to align themselves along the lines of great power competition, but rather want to use the competition for leverage to satisfy their interests. 在这种背景下, the discussion helped unpack the major trends in the Middle East security environment 而且 venture on the future outlook of the region. 

第二场讲座 Dr. 克雷格·怀特塞德，美国大学教授.S. Naval War College resident program at the Naval Postgraduate School in California to examine 而且 discuss the consolidation of the Islamic State movement within the Sunni insurgency in 伊拉克 from 2003 to 2014, 依靠反叛的媒体发布, 缴获的文件, 以及一份解密的美国文件.S. military study to evaluate this group’s complex relationship with its armed rivals. The discussion allowed to emphasize several conclusions about the Islamic State, 这是连续的 stages of cooperative, competitive, 而且 coercive consolidation 在叛乱领域实现霸权. 过渡的每个阶段都需要组织变化, 包括合并, 品牌的, 以及新的结构. The movement’s ideology 而且 state-building project distinguished it from peers whose political agendas were too diffuse to establish lasting coalitions. The tribal Awakening that worked with the Americans to temporarily defeat the group also badly splintered its rivals 而且 failed to prevent the revitalization of the jihadist movement, setting the foundation for its short-lived caliphate project. 

这些全球会谈由李博士召集并主持. Myriam Benraad, 澳门老百汇4001登录’s Global Academic Chair for International Relations & 外交.